Pronouns
- Definition:
A pronoun
usually refers to something already mentioned in a sentence or piece of text. A
pronoun is a word that substitutes for a noun or noun phrase used to prevent
repetition of the noun to the which they refer. One of the most common
pronouns is it.
- Rule for pronouns
A pronoun
must agree with the noun it refer. Therefore, if the noun is singular,
therefore the pronoun must be singular; if the noun is plural, use a plural
pronoun; if the noun is feminine, use a feminine pronoun, and so on.
For
example:
The train
was late, it had been delayed.
The trains
were late, they had been delayed.
Discussion
of the pronoun includes several topics:
A. Personal, Possessive and Reflexive
pronouns
Personal, possessive
and reflexive pronouns describes the personal pronouns, possessive pronoun and
reflexive pronouns.
Personal
pronouns change
its shape according to their use cases are:
*
Subjective Case
* Cases
objective
If the
pronoun is used as the subject, then:
- “I” was
the first person singular
- “You”
second person singular pronoun
- “He”
said the third person singular
- “She”
said the third person singular
- “It”
singular pronoun third
- “We”
first person plural pronoun
- “You”
second person plural pronoun
- “They”
said the third person plural
Specification:
* The
first person is a person who speaks / us
* The
second person is the person we are talking to
* The
third person is the person we are talking about
If the
pronoun is used as an object, then:
Personal pronoun
the first
the second
the third
|
Prular
us
you
them
|
Single
me
you
him/her/it
|
Possessive
pronoun has two
functions: as an adjective and as a pronoun:
Possessive
pronoun as an adjective:
- My
(mine)
- Your (yours)
- His
(hers male)
- Her
(hers female)
- It’s
(hers animal / object)
- Our
(ours / we)
- Your
(belongs to you)
- Their
(theirs)
Possessive
pronoun as a pronoun:
- Mine
(mine)
- Yours
(yours)
- His (her
man)
- Hers
(his woman)
- Ours
(ours)
- Yours (yours)
- Theirs
(theirs)
Which
includes reflexive pronouns (reflexive pronouns) are:
- Myself
(myself)
- Yourself
(your own)
- Himself
(herself for men)
- Herself
(herself to peremnpuan)
- Itself
(herself to an animal / object)
- Ourselves
(we / our own)
- Yourselves
(your own)
- Themselves
(their own)
How to use
in a sentence:
1. Personal pronouns
As the
subject:
- I am a
doctor.
- You are
a student.
As an
object:
- Do you
love me?
- I asked
him to go to Bandung.
2. Possessive pronouns
As an adjective:
- This is
my house.
- That is
your car.
As a
pronoun:
- That pen
is yours.
- This
book is mine
- Your
house and mine are both big.
- That
horse of yours is tired.
3. Reflexive pronouns
Form of
reflexive pronoun is used for two purposes:
a) To show
that the person or animal to do something on her own,
example:
- He ask
himself why He did not go yesterday.
b) To make
it more emphatic pronoun
I myself
give him the book
SUMMARY
Personal pronouns as:
subject
I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they
|
object
me
you
him
her
it
us
you
them
|
adjective
my
your
his
her
its
our
your
their
|
pronoun
mine
yours
his
hers
_
ours
ours
theirs
|
refleksif
myself
yourself
himself
herself
itself
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
|
B. Demonstrative and Indefinite pronouns
Demonstrative
pronouns and indefinite pronouns describes pointer and indefinite pronouns
Words are
categorized as a demonstrative pronoun (pronoun pointer),
for
example:
This,
that, these, those, one, ones and such.
- This is
my pen.
- That is
my house.
- These
are your books.
- Those
are your clothes.
Now
consider the sentences below:
- The
water of the hills is cooler than that of the plains. Hill Air
cooler than flat ground air
- This
book of mine is larger than that of yours. My book is bigger than your book
That in
the second sentence above serves as a substitute for a noun water or book, then
that is a pointer or demonstrative pronoun pronoun. While this in the second
sentence followed olek noun book, this is a pointer or demonstrative adjective
adjective.
So the
words of this, that, Reviews These and Reviews those that followed by a noun is
adjective demonstarative, and if it is not followed by a noun is called
demonstrative pronouns.
Demonstrative Pronoun
Single
this (ini)
that (itu)
one (yang)
|
Prular
these (ini)
those (itu)
ones (yang)
|
Indefinite
pronouns are
indeterminate pronouns. The pronoun has no antecedent (the word or phrase that
precedes the word replacement).
Words are
classified as indefinite pronouns are:
all, any,
anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, most, nobody, noone
/ none, nothing, one (someone in the sense of anyone or everyone), somebody,
someone, something.
Example of
sentences:
- All are
welcome.
- I do not
want any.
- Any of
us can do it easily.
- Anybody
can belong to the club.
- Anyone
can do it.
- You can
buy anything in the shop.
- Everybody
went but myself.
- Everyone
I know has gone.
- Everything
that he says is false.
- Most of
the students are diligent.
- Nobody
Came.
- None can
tell.
- From
nothing, nothing comes.
- One
should take care of one's health.
- Somebody
is knocking at the door.
- Someone
Told Me about it.
- Something
is better than nothing.
Pronouns
mentioned above do not necessarily always followed by a singular verb, except
all, any, most, none, and some may be followed by a verb plural or singular
verb, depending on the sense of the sentence.
C. interrogative pronouns
Pronouns
requester (interrogative pronoun) used to ask a question, namely:
1) Who (ask
the person as a subject / principal sentence)
- Who is
that girl?
- Who Gave
you this book?
2) Whom (ask
the person as an object direct object)
- For Whom
does she make-the dress?
- With
Whom do you go to school?
3) Whose
(ask belongs)
- Whose
bag is that?
- Whose
pencils are these?
4) What (ask
for your name, object, one's job or position)
- What is
your name?
- What is
he?
- What is
this?
5) Which
(ask option)
- Which do
you prefer, the apple or the manggo?
- Which of
Reviews These girls will win the prize?
- Which is
your car?
Note:
In today's
words Whom no longer used in everyday language. As a replacement, which is
often used is the WHO alone although it serves as an object.
- For Whom
does she make-the dress? or she who does the make the dress for?
- with
Whom do you go to school? or WHO do you go to school with?
The formula:
Pronouns
questioner + auxiliary verb + subject + verb + adverb
D. Relative or conjunctive pronouns
Relative
pronoun not only refer to a noun that precede, but also to connect two
sentences into a sentence, therefore, the relative pronoun may also be called
conjunctive pronoun.
In
Indonesian leanguage, two sentences can be combined into a sentence using that,
if the subject of the first sentence and the second sentence staple consisting
of the same or similar objects.
- The man
is my brother
- The man
comes from Jakarta
combined
into:
- The man
who comes from Jakarta is my brother
Words are
used as a relative pronoun is who, which, that, whom, whose and what.
a) Who are
used to describe the people
- The girl
always plays in front of my house is very beautiful.
b) Which
are used to describe objects, animals, or plants, etc.
- This is
the fish roomates I fished last night.
c) That
used to to describe people, animals, or plants.
The word
that is often used to who, whom, or which, but never to Whose.
The man
that (= Whom) we were looking for has come.
d) Whom is used to describe people, but serves as an object
- They are
the painters Whom he admires.
e) Whose =
that ... her, used to express possession
- He is
the writer Whose book you are reading.
f) What =
what, which
- I do not
understand what you mean.
Note:
In English
leanguage conversation modern, words relative pronoun that, roomates or Whom
are often omitted.
Pronouns
liaison which and what can not be used after all, some, any, something,
everything, anything, nothing, much and little. Only the relative pronoun that
can only be used after these words, but it is usually omitted.
Words who
and which relative pronoun can be replaced by a sense that if restrictive.
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